As microfinance continues to grow, the industry is increasingly facing a shortage of middle managers— a shortage that stands as a formidable barrier to achieving the scale required to support financial inclusion. A majority of microfinance institutions surveyed in 2008 by Microfinance Insights ranked human capital as their top challenge, ahead of financial or technical issues. McKinsey and Company talked to leaders of four organizations, including WWB CEO Mary Ellen Iskenderian, about the middle-management shortage for a special report, “Global Financial Inclusion: Achieving full financial inclusion at the intersection of social benefit and economic sustainability.” The article discusses the skills required of middle managers, potential sources of talent and barriers to tapping them, and promising approaches to training and managing performance. Despite the challenges, all who were interviewed are confident that the industry is developing the solutions needed to fill the middle-management gap.